History of electoral violence in nigeria notable cases 1. To know the role of library and information as a tool for conflict resolution in nigeria. To proffer appropriate solutions that will help address the lingering political violence in nigeria. Boko haram, ummah, political violence, inequality and injustice. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role played by human rights abuse in nigeria in the formation of the oodua peoples congress opc in 1994, and to also analyze the opc turning to violence in 1999. From ethnic conflicts to religious conflicts to terrorist attacks, violence seems to be a neverending trend.
Religious violence in nigeria refers to christianmuslim strife in modern nigeria, which can be traced back to 1953. Mapping, evolution and patterns june 2006 may 2014 executive summary an analysis of the nigeria watch database for the period between june 2006 and may 2014 revealed 915 fatal incidents related to elections. For one thing, it is the exercise of force, or more generally power, in such a way as to harm others in pursuit of ones own ends. The radical islamist group boko haram has contributed to widespread and deadly violence in nigeria, but the government sercurity services are also at. Media, elections and political violence in eastern africa. Causes and solutions to youth violence in nigeria the youths are the major part of the nigerian population as shown by statistics and data on record, which conforms to the globally accepted view that the youths of today are the nation of tomorrow. Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah. It then discusses the interventions that can break the link. Today, religious violence in nigeria is dominated by the boko haram insurgency, which aims to establish an islamic state in nigeria. Whereas national processes connected to preelection violence have received increased scholarly attention, little is known of local dynamics of violence after elections.
Past election cycles have featured political assassinations, voter intimidation, intra and. There must be a conscious effort to reach the voters physically to demonstrate and educate them on the need to carry out their. Violence between and within political parties in nigeria. The main objective of the paper is to answer the question. Causes and effects of political violence in the world.
Essay is qualitative onecase study limited by the context of nigeria and boko haram violent activities, with focus on years of 20022016, when boko haram was operatively active. The causes of political violence in nigeria in the north and south of the country there are potential combustible human materials to destabilize the. We decided to take a look at the possible solutions and major causes of violence in nigeria from a different angle naijaquest. Elections threatened by violence and abuse of power. This may have existed for hundreds of years and have causes that are very deeprooted.
A decade of electoral violence in africa, 2004 to 20 electoral violence has, in certain instances, catalyzed prolonged political conflict. Social conflict and political violence in africa is a complex subject, and it will be useful to note a few trends in african civil violence, discuss a common but misleading explanations for civil wars in africa, and then suggest two alternative framing for the patterns observed. Nonetheless, the many causes of political violence overlap across states and defy easy classification. House of representatives human rights commissions human rights commission. But then what is obtainable in our country nigeria is not election but selection. Based on the foregoing major assumptions of the theory, the perspective has been adopted as the theoretical guide on the study of the effects of political violence on social development in nigeria. Political violence poses a serious threat to the legitimacy of the state and federal elections that will take. Perhaps because of the experience i personally had in 2011 about electoral violence which i still share some sentiments with. Causes of religious violence many factors are responsible for religious violence in nigeria. Causes and consequences of violence in nigeria punch.
Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah gabriel sous dir. Boko haram and nigerias pervasive violence council on. Political violence poses a serious threat to the legitimacy of the state and federal elections that will take place in nigeria from april 12 to may 3, 2003. The causes, consequences and solutions to forced child. Political violence in zambia and state responsibility muna ndulo professor of law, cornell university law school, and director cornell institute for african development. The implication perspective frankcollins nnamdi okafor associate professor and head, department of political science, nnamdi azikiwe university, nigeria abstract following the outbursts of violence in previous elections in nigeria, fears have been. The problem was more pronounced in the 2019 election in taraba state. To find out causes of political violence crisis and insurgency in nigeria. Permit me to cite these cases in an unchronological order. The most common and easily recognisable type is physical violence, which involves the.
Methods of the study this is an exploratory study that utilizes qualitative research techniques in trying to critically evaluate issues concerning the relationship between mass media activities and political violence in nigeria. It discusses the effects of food insecurity on several types of conflict, and the political, social, and demographic factors that may exacerbate these effects. Several reasons are actually responsible for electoral violence in nigeria. Violence is not simply the exercise of physical force to get something done. Over the years, nigeria has been fertile ground for the perpetration of various acts of violence. However, in order to do justice, it will be proper to classify these factors according to the nature of the violence. The cause of these conflicts or violence could be traced to primordial factors associated with selfish interest of political contenders to retain or seek electoral post, ethnic, religious bigotry, and structural imbalance of its federalism system, bad governance, political intolerance and electoral malpractice. In a free and fair election, each valid ballot cast registers a political position. In everyday life, there appear to be a rise in poverty, crimes, war. Given the democratic credentials of ghana, election violence in any form and on any scale is unacceptable and we must all work towards achieving violentfree elections.
Pdf voting and violence in nigerias 2015 elections 1. Election is a civic duty that is crucial to democracy. Pdf this paper titled political violence and the sustainability of nigerian democracy seeks to establish the causes of political violence in nigerian. Testing democracy political violence in nigeria hrw.
Election violence and the issue of political instability. Electoral violence in nigeria council on foreign relations. Causes and remedy money wont create success, the freedom to make it will. Political violence and its effects on social development.
Nelson mandela nigeria is africas most populous country with an estimated population of about 150 million and a land mass of 923,768 square kilometers which is more than twice the. The political disruption caused by ethnic militia related violence in nigeria prevented the first 3 attempts at republican democracy. The need for violentfree elections is what has motivated cada to examine some of the common causes of election violence and how to prevent their occurrences. Causes and dynamic of political violence in nigeria.
The study reveals that the major causes of the phenomenon include. One of these forms in through participating in conflict as a child soldier or other forms of participation with armed groups. Political violence an overview sciencedirect topics. For the purpose of clarity, the paper focuses on the manifestations of election violence in nigerian political process. Nigeria watch data on the causes of deaths 20062018 records the three biggest causes of deaths to be. As already pointed out, nigeria has experienced both intra ad inter religious violence. The the causes, consequences and solutions to causes, consequences and solutions tocauses, consequences and solutions to forced forced forced child marriage child marriage child marriage in the developing worldin the developing world testimony submitted to u. Also honorary professor of law, faculty of law university of cape town and extra ordinary professor of law faculty of law free state university. Political violence varies widely in form, severity, and practice.
Causes of conflicts in africa conflicts in africa may be said to have been caused by a multiplicity of factors such as. Experience with political violence can take many forms. The electoral umpire has a major task to carry out educating the voters on the dos and donts before, during and after elections. The recent 2016 post election crisis in gabon12 that left scores dead seems to shows that electoral violence is an intractable phenomenon on the. Issues of conflict, political violencecrisis and insurgency in nigeria. An election that is not free and fair is one of the major causes of political instability in many countries across the globe. Nigerias unemployment rate is above the sub regions average that increased to 23. Breaking the cycle of electoral violence in nigeria united states. The research did not include terrorist attacks by islamic or militant groups with. Rights abuse as root causes of political violence in nigeria. Since then, the trend line seems to be decreasing but still remains close to 50 percent. In this essay, we set out to clarify the key terms, explain the major causes of political violence, examine the effects with references, and finally proffer solutions that can help curb violence in our promising country, nigeria. Causes of political violence in nigeria when the leaders are legitimately elected, most of the strife or violence are abated. In political science, a common organizing framework is to consider types of violence by the relevant actors.
Domestic violence has caused so many issues in the life of many nigerians. It causes injury or death, including potentially to. This article examines the 2011 nigerian postelection violence with regard to the ways in which national electoral processes interweave with local social and political disputes. Violent conflict in nigeria relates to a variety of different causes. Causes and effects of political violence in the world today violence between groups is often caused by fear and hatred. Government must act against political violence, end electionrelated abuses. Such situations are not easily resolved, since both sides are deeply conscious of historical grudges and believe that they must fight to. The theory is based upon the view that the fundamental causes of political violence are the social and economic forces that operates within society.
Causes and effect of domestic violence in nigeria a case study of ajegunle lagos chapter one. Credible election abhors violence, which inhibits voters right to. Fsi spice social conflict and political violence in africa. What are the root causes of boko haram political violence. Political instability occurs when elections are not free and fair. The type of violent and crime related activities include. The link between electoral violence and nigerias 2003 and 2007 elections is analysed based on hoglunds analytical framework of electoral violence, as well as its.
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